Waterproof testing is the unsung hero behind our everyday products’ ability to withstand moisture, rain, and splashes. Have you ever wondered how your trusty outdoor gadgets or resilient appliances stay dry even in the wettest conditions? The answer lies in rigorous testing, and two ratings stand out in waterproof evaluations: IPX3 and IPX4.
IPX3 and IPX4 test setups are crucial for many products, such as handheld electronics, outdoor sporting instruments, and outdoor electronic devices. They ascertain the functionality and safety features are never compromised, even when exposed to the water by either the consumer or the manufacturer.
Whether you are using a security camera, an action camera, or just a smartphone, IPX3 and IPX4 tests are necessary to ascertain the reliability and durability of the products.
But what essentials do these tests follow? Let’s find out!
The IPX3 and IPX4 Testing
Rigorous testing procedures are followed to determine whether a product meets the IPX3 or IPX4 standard. Here’s an overview of the essentials of IPX3 and IPX 4 waterproof testing:
IPX3 Testing
IPX3, ingress protect X3, is a rating that indicates an electronic’s ability to withstand spraying water. Specifically, it tests how well a product resists water sprayed at it from different angles. Usually, IPX3 protects against water falling as a spray with an angle of up to 60 degrees from vertical for at least five minutes.
So, what does the IPX3 test involve?
The goal of the IPX3 test setup is to protect electronic devices or internal components from water damage, reducing the risks for malfunctions and electrical failures that may arise following water exposure.
Usually, the test is completed using a IPX3 and IPX4 test setup, spray nozzle or an oscillating tube. If you use a spray nozzle, the water flows at 10 liters every minute with water pressure ranging between 50kPa and 150kPa. Often, the pressure should be current throughout the setup. Every square meter of the enclosure’s internal components should take one minute. However, a complete test should never take less than five minutes.
If you use an oscillating tube, the water flows at a rate of 0.07 liters every minute per hole. In this case, however, there are several holes, so you should multiply the result you get above by the number of holes. You can use a flow meter to adjust the water flow in every hole. The enclosure used is often tested between 60 and 120 degrees regarding the angle on either side of the central area.
On average, one oscillation can take four seconds, but the complete test takes about five minutes, like when using a spray nozzle. After this, the enclosure is turned at a 90-degree horizontal angle, where the test is repeated for five minutes more.
Therefore, what are the acceptance criteria for an IPX3 test setup?
Firstly, the electronic device is thoroughly inspected for any chances of water penetration, including deformation and discoloration, among other noticeable changes that may be evidenced following water ingress. But this is only done after the test completion.
In addition, water can be sprayed at a 60-degree angle on all sides of the vertical to check for any harmful effects. Typically, the water that enters the enclosure shouldn’t interfere with the equipment’s internal and general safety. Nothing should be deposited on the insulation parts to avoid stitches in the leakage distance.
IPX4 Testing
IPX4, Ingress Protection X4, is designed to offer protection against water splashes from any direction. It can handle water splashing onto it without causing damage. This rating is especially relevant for devices that might encounter splashes on either side following exposure to various environments, such as high humidity or rain.
What does its test setup involve?
Firstly, IPX4’s goal is to ascertain that a particular enclosure is water-resistant, primarily from splashing water. A device must have an IPX4 certification to be considered waterproof. Like in IPX3 testing, IPX4 is completed using an electronic device with water sprayed from either direction for ten minutes. Moreover, the test uses a spray nozzle or an oscillating tube. While the water volume largely depends on the application method, the range is usually 0.7 and 10 liters every minute.
If you use a spray nozzle, spray water from all directions to ensure the entire enclosure is sprayed. Usually, it takes one minute of spraying per square meter, but the actual time depends primarily on the unit size. A complete test can take five minutes or so.
In the case of an oscillating tube, spray holes cover 180 degrees, with every hole flowing water at a rate of 0.7 liters every minute.
However, you can regulate the water flow using a flow meter. While initially, the oscillating tube sprays water 180 degrees, in the end, the entire enclosure is completely covered. The test time can take up to 10 minutes.
The acceptance criteria are often similar to that of IPX3.
Why IPX3 and IPX4 Tests are Necessary?
- Product Reliability: These tests help manufacturers ensure their products can withstand common environmental conditions, enhancing their reliability and durability.
- Consumer Confidence: Consumers can make informed choices when purchasing products with IPX3 or IPX4 ratings, knowing they suit specific usage scenarios.
- Compliance: Many industries have standards and regulations that require products to meet certain waterproof ratings. IPX3 and IPX4 testing helps manufacturers comply with these requirements.
- Quality Assurance: Implementing these tests during product development helps identify design flaws or manufacturing defects early in the process, improving product quality.
Conclusion
IPX3 and IPX4 waterproof testing are the silent safeguards, ensuring your products can brave the elements. The next time you rely on your gear, remember these ratings as your seal of durability and dependability. Waterproof testing keeps your life running smoothly, rain or shine.