Introduction
QR codes, as a noble technology, were born out of the necessity to ensure effective tracking of automotive parts. It was a priceless gift from a Japanese engineer, Masahiro Hara, who refused to own a patent and allowed the technology for public use for free. Today, QR codes are everywhere and widely used from payment to restaurant menus, offering numerous facilities for smartphone users.
However, you might have heard experts saying, “Think twice before scanning a QR code.” Banks and regulators often warn about the rising malicious activities associated with this square scannable tool. Many users globally fall victim to financial and identity theft, extortion, and more due to QR code scams or phishing.
A 2025 article by BBC stated that “QR code phishing scams up 14-fold in five years”. Isn’t this alarming? So, it’s crucial to understand how QR code scams work and how to identify suspicious codes to secure yourself from QR code phishing.
What Are QR Code Scams?
QR code scams, also known as QR code phishing or quishing, are deceptive actions to steal users’ sensitive information, especially financial data and login credentials, through fake or tampered QR codes. Scammers deploy these fraudulent schemes to lure individuals into taking actions, like downloading malware or visiting malicious websites.
These scams mainly aim at:
- Phishing activities: Fake websites and data theft or harvesting
- Payment frauds: Malicious payment redirections
- Malware installation: Hidden malicious apps or spyware
With QR codes becoming integral to everyday life, scammers use different phishing tactics to deceive users into revealing sensitive data.
How Do QR Code Scams Work?
QR code scams include tampering with physical QR codes and URL redirections to replace legitimate ones with malicious codes. Be aware of these phishing tactics:
1. Physical Tampering
Scammers physically replace legitimate ones with fake QR codes. They often deploy the tampered codes in public places like parking meters, restaurants, posters/advertisements, and retail stores. These fake codes redirect users to malicious websites.
2. Email and Message Scams
Cybercriminals use emails or messages containing QR codes, giving fraudulent offers by asking to click a URL or download a parking or banking app. Once scanned, these codes lead to phishing sites that mimic legitimate websites, prompting users to enter sensitive information.
3. Unsolicited Packages
A tactic known as “QR brushing” involves sending unsolicited packages containing QR codes. When scanned, these codes redirect to fake websites or download malware onto the user’s device.
How to Identify a Suspicious QR Code?
Before scanning a code, watch out for these red flags:
Tampering Signs: Signs of physical alteration include using a code sticker over another image, a scratched surface, or uneven edges.
Unexpected Placement: Scammers often place QR codes in unusual or random locations, such as on a public bench or a poorly printed code stuck over an official sign.
Misspelled URLs: Fake QR codes usually contain misspellings, unfamiliar or strange characters, or odd domain names.
Urgency or Threats: Suspicious email or message with QR codes creates a sense of urgency or asks to take action immediately.
Unusual Requests: Be wary of any unusual request for sensitive information, including login credentials, credit card details, bank PIN, or social security number.
Best Practices to Protect Yourself from QR Code Scams
Follow these proactive measures to avoid becoming a victim of QR scams:
- Verify emails or messages before scanning QR codes.
- Be extremely careful about downloading apps from websites accessed via QR codes, especially if they are not from official app stores (like Google Play Store or Apple App Store).
- Be cautious when using QR codes for public Wi-Fi in train/metro stations or bus stops.
- Verify the URL before clicking it. Confirm the code’s legitimacy by visiting the company’s website or calling the staff.
- Update your mobile phone and operating system with the latest security features.
- Be skeptical of unbelievable deal offers. Be wary of QR codes promising unbelievable discounts or prizes without confirming the source.
Secure Payment Practices with QR Codes: An Example
- Always double-check the QR code link/details before proceeding.
- Use official apps or payment gateways.
- Cross-check transaction details after scanning.
What If You Become a Victim of QR Code Fraud?
If you are suspicious of being involved in any QR code fraudulent activities, follow the steps instantly:
Change Passwords: Immediately change your passwords, especially email and banking, if you have already used login credentials after scanning the fraudulent code.
Disconnect Internet: If you suspect you’ve downloaded malware, disconnect your devices from mobile data or Wi-Fi instantly to stop further spread.
Contact Bank: Inform the banks or credit card companies about the incident and request to freeze your account or cards immediately. Keep track of any unauthorized activity on your accounts.
Report the incident: Report the scam to local cybersecurity teams or relevant authorities. Provide detailed information, like where you found the QR code and what information you shared, when filing a police complaint.
Run a Malware Scan: Scan your device using security tools, like an antivirus, to detect and remove any harmful software.
Warn Others: Inform your friends, family members, and coworkers to be cautious about the scams and educate them about QR code security.
Conclusion
QR codes have become a lucrative target for scammers, as these tools are becoming integral parts of daily life, from restaurant menus to event check-ins and digital payments. Be aware of scam tactics and protect your financial and personal data.
Stay vigilant and protect yourself from fraudulent QR code activities. Educate yourself about the latest news updates on QR code security and cybersecurity. Most importantly, SCAN the QR code with PURPOSE.